Important Mountain Ranges in India and J&K :- Jkssb study adda

 

Important Mountain Ranges in India




  1. Himalayan Range
    • Location: Northern India, stretching from Jammu & Kashmir to Arunachal Pradesh.
    • Features: Youngest and highest mountain range in the world (avg. height 6,000 m).
    • Sub-divisions:
      • Great Himalayas (Himadri): Highest peaks like Everest (8,848 m) and Kanchenjunga (8,586 m, highest in India).
      • Lesser Himalayas (Himachal): Avg. height 3,700–4,500 m; includes Pir Panjal and Dhauladhar.
      • Outer Himalayas (Shiwalik): Avg. height 900–1,500 m; youngest range.
    • Significance: Acts as a climatic barrier, source of major rivers (Indus, Ganga, Brahmaputra).
  2. Karakoram Range
    • Location: Northern India (extends into J&K, Ladakh) and Pakistan.
    • Features: Second-highest range globally; includes K2 (8,611 m), the second-highest peak in the world.
    • Significance: Home to Siachen Glacier, the highest battlefield.
  3. Pir Panjal Range
    • Location: Part of Lesser Himalayas, spans Himachal Pradesh and J&K.
    • Features: Avg. height 1,400–4,100 m; separates Kashmir Valley from outer plains.
    • Key Passes: Banihal Pass (Jawahar Tunnel), Pir Panjal Pass.
  4. Vindhya Range
    • Location: Central India (Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh).
    • Features: Avg. height 300–600 m; acts as a divide between North and South India.
  5. Satpura Range
    • Location: Central India (Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra).
    • Features: Avg. height 600–900 m; includes Dhupgarh (1,350 m), the highest peak.
  6. Aravalli Range
    • Location: Western India (Rajasthan, Haryana, Gujarat).
    • Features: Oldest mountain range in India; highest peak is Guru Shikhar (1,722 m).
  7. Eastern Ghats
    • Location: Eastern India (Odisha, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu).
    • Features: Discontinuous range; highest peak is Jindhagada (1,690 m).
  8. Western Ghats
    • Location: Western India (Maharashtra, Kerala, Tamil Nadu).
    • Features: UNESCO World Heritage Site; highest peak is Anamudi (2,695 m).

Important Mountain Ranges in Jammu & Kashmir (J&K)

J&K is dominated by Himalayan and related ranges, making it a critical topic for JKSSB exams.

  1. Great Himalayas (Himadri)
    • Location: Northern J&K.
    • Features: Includes peaks like Nun (7,135 m, highest in J&K) and Kun (7,077 m).
    • Significance: Separates Kashmir Valley from Ladakh; source of rivers like Jhelum.
  2. Karakoram Range
    • Location: Northern J&K (Ladakh region).
    • Features: Includes K2 (8,611 m) and Saltoro Range (Sia Kangri, 7,442 m).
    • Significance: Hosts Siachen Glacier; strategic importance near the Line of Control (LoC).
  3. Pir Panjal Range
    • Location: Southern J&K and Himachal Pradesh.
    • Features: Avg. height 1,400–4,100 m; separates Kashmir Valley from Jammu plains.
    • Key Passes:
      • Banihal Pass (2,832 m): Connects Kashmir Valley to Jammu (Jawahar Tunnel).
      • Pir Panjal Pass: Historical trade route.
    • Significance: Influences Kashmir’s climate by blocking monsoon winds.
  4. Zanskar Range
    • Location: Between Ladakh and Zanskar Valley in J&K.
    • Features: Avg. height 6,000 m; rugged terrain with peaks like Pinnacle Peak (6,930 m).
    • Key Passes:
      • Zoji La (3,528 m): Connects Kashmir Valley to Ladakh.
      • Poat Pass (5,716 m): Links Zanskar to Ladakh.
    • Significance: Separates Zanskar Valley from Ladakh; harsh cold desert climate.
  5. Dhauladhar Range
    • Location: Extends into J&K from Himachal Pradesh.
    • Features: Part of Lesser Himalayas; highest peak is Hanuman Tibba (5,982 m).
    • Significance: Known as "White Range" due to snow cover; scenic beauty.
  6. Shiwalik Range
    • Location: Southern J&K (Jammu region).
    • Features: Avg. height 900–1,500 m; youngest Himalayan range.
    • Significance: Forms foothills transitioning to plains; includes Jammu hills.
  7. Ladakh Range
    • Location: Northern J&K (Ladakh region).
    • Features: Avg. height 5,000–6,000 m; parallels Karakoram Range.
    • Key Passes: Khardung La (5,359 m), one of the highest motorable passes.
    • Significance: Borders Indus Valley; cold desert landscape.

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